In Thailand, cholangiocarcinoma is a prevalent disease. While many companies have traditionally relied on 2D cell models and mouse models for drug development, these approaches often face challenges in clinical Phase 3 trials, where efficacy issues rather than toxicity lead to project discontinuation. Although organoids have not yet reached the later stages of clinical application, their ability to reflect individual patient characteristics and tumor heterogeneity offers significant potential. Our recent study using this platform yielded promising results, and we are optimistic about its future applications.