In this proof-of-concept study, researchers have successfully generated non-invasive patient-derived bladder cancer organoids called “urinoids” from urine samples. These urinoids accurately replicate the histopathological features of the original tumor tissue, including proliferation levels and molecular subtype differentiations, in both patients with non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Detailed genetic analysis reveals close mutational profiling similarities between the urinoids and the original tissue, particularly in patient 4. Additionally, the urinoids exhibit similar responses to standard and novel bladder cancer therapies when compared to their corresponding tissue-based tumoroids.