Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a technology that connects the human brain with external devices (e.g., computers, robots, digital devices) to control devices through brain signals or exchange feedback. This technology primarily works by analyzing neural signals (EEG, MEG, fMRI, etc.) to interpret user intentions and convert them into digital commands. A recent paper published in Nature Communications highlighted significant advances in non-invasive BCI approaches, presenting new algorithms and hardware solutions that improve the accuracy and stability of neural signal interpretation. Notably, the paper demonstrated how brain signal processing techniques combined with cutting-edge AI technology could more precisely analyze complex neural signals, suggesting potential contributions to developing innovative tools that could enhance independence for patients with neurological conditions. Research is expanding BCI’s potential applications beyond medicine to various fields including gaming, virtual reality, and education.

Elon Musk’s Neuralink, which has garnered global attention, is developing technology that enables direct communication between the human brain and computers through the implantation of microscopic chips. In November 2024, Neuralink received clinical trial approval from Canadian regulatory authorities and is currently conducting trials of its device. The company also received innovative device designation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for ‘Blindsight,’ a device aimed at helping restore vision in the visually impaired. Recently, they successfully completed their second human brain implant surgery, and through these achievements, it is anticipated that quadriplegic patients will be able to control computers or design 3D objects through thought alone.

The advancement of BCI technology and Neuralink is expected to expand human cognitive and physical capabilities through the convergence of neuroscience and engineering, providing innovative approaches to treating various neurological conditions.