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Holotomography
Immunology
(a) Immunological synapse is formed between NK cell (right) and cancer cell (left) through ligand-receptor interaction.
(b) NK cell releases lytic granules, which causes rupture of cancer cell.
(c) Ruptured cancer cell eventually dies.
From neuronal synapses to cell migration, cell-to-cell interaction is a ubiquitous biological phenomenon.
One of the most essential and dynamic cell-to-cell interactions is that which occurs in the immune response.
The immune cells recognize and vigorously attack bacteria and parasites by phagocytosis or kill cancer cells by forming immunological synapse (IS) via receptor-ligand interactions.
(Fig. 1a-c) Using Tomocube’s Holotomography (HT), live dynamic interactions can be studied label-free and in a three-dimensional (3D) manner.
HT measures the 3D refractive index (RI) distribution of cells and therefore, does not require any rior chemical treatment.
Furthermore, 3D images are captured with an acquisition speed of 2.5 fps using 532 nm laser, which is suitable to capture the fast, dynamic interaction between cells.
These advantages make HT suitable for 3D imaging of dynamic cell-to-cell interactions.
(a) Representative snapshots of a video of CART19 cells responding to K562 (top row) and K562-CD19 (bottom row) cells.
The 0-second indicates the initial contact point of the effector cell and target cells.
The white arrow indicates the blebbing point. Purple, K562, Blue, CART19. (b) Temporal changes in the synapse areas of CART19 cells responding to K562 cells (n = 5) and K562-CD19 cells (n = 22).
Moosung Lee et al., eLife (2020)
Holotomography (HT) enables detailed kinetic analysis of cell-to-cell interactions through morphological and biochemical parameters.
Its time-lapse imaging captures rapid cell dynamics in 3D. For instance, CART19 cells form immunological synapses with K562-CD19 cells within 40 seconds, reaching a steady state in 3 minutes, while non-target K562 cells fail to form stable synapses even after 5 minutes.
HT quantifies temporal changes in synapse formation, providing insights into contact duration and the quality of signals received by T cells, enhancing our understanding of immune responses.
