Scientists from Shandong University, China have developed an innovative cancer treatment strategy by engineering probiotic bacteria to act as tumor-targeting drug producers. In a recent study published in PLOS Biology, researchers modified the well-known probiotic strain Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) to synthesize Romidepsin, an FDA-approved anticancer compound.
In mouse models of breast cancer, these engineered bacteria successfully colonized tumor tissue and produced the drug directly at the tumor site. This localized delivery system allowed the treatment to act precisely where it was needed, potentially improving therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing systemic side effects commonly seen in conventional cancer therapies.
The approach represents a “dual-action” strategy: the bacteria naturally accumulate in tumors, and simultaneously function as in situ drug factories. This combination enhances the anticancer activity of Romidepsin while leveraging the tumor-targeting properties of EcN.
Despite these promising results, the research remains at an early stage. The method has not yet been tested in humans, and key challenges – such as safety, immune responses, and controlled elimination of the bacteria after treatment – must be addressed. If successfully translated, this bacteria-assisted therapy could open a new frontier in targeted cancer treatment.
Research article: Scientists turn probiotic bacteria into tumor-hunting cancer killers
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