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The Impact of Inflammatory Markers and Obesity in Chronic Venous Disease
Journal: Nature Biotechnology
Author: Ugur Uslu & Carl H. June, USA
Additionally, CAR T cell therapy’s potential extends beyond oncol-ogy, as evidenced by its recent success in severe autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis4–6. In the context of solid tumors, the adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has demonstrated promise in a clinical trial for lung cancer and was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treating advanced-stage melanoma7,8. TILs are not genetically modi-fied and are derived from each patient’s tumor (Fig. 1). The first engi-neered T cell therapy for solid tumors, employing T cells engineered to express a T cell receptor (TCR) specific for the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2-restricted peptide human melanoma antigen A4 (MAGE-A4), recently gained approval of the Food and Drug Administration for use in unresectable or metastatic synovial sarcoma following successful
clinical trial results in these patients9.
A cellular basis for mapping behavioural structure
Journal: Nature
Author: Mohamady El-Gaby, UK
To flexibly adapt to new situations, our brains must understand the regularities in the world and in our own patterns of behavior. The researchers trained mice on multiple tasks sharing a common structure (organizing a sequence of goals) but differing in specific goal locations, and the mice discovered the underlying task structure, enabling zero-shot inferences on new tasks. Most neurons in the medial frontal cortex tiled progress to goal similar to how place cells map physical space, and these ‘goal-progress cells’ generalized by stretching and compressing their tiling to accommodate different goal distances. These findings suggest that schemata of complex behavioral structures can be generated by sculpting progress-to-goal tuning into task-structured buffers of individual behavioral steps.
Cytoplasmic mtDNA clearance suppresses inflammatory immune responses
Journal: Trends in Cell Biology
Author: Chenghao Yan, China
Upon various stresses, mtDNA leaks from mitochondria into the cytoplasm, leading to cellular dysfunction and inflammation, thereby exacerbating disease progression. The autophagy–lysosome pathway has emerged as a pivotal quality control mechanism for eliminating abnormal cytoplasmic mtDNA. This article summarizes the mechanisms underlying mtDNA-triggered inflammation and how cytoplasmic mtDNA is eliminated.
Seven-year performance of a clinical metagenomic next-generation sequencing test for diagnosis of central nervous system infections
Journal: Nature Medicine
Author: Patrick Benoit, USA
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an agnostic method for broad-based diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) infections. Here we analyzed the 7-year performance of clinical CSF mNGS testing of 4,828 samples from June 2016 to April 2023 performed by the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) clinical microbiology laboratory. Overall, mNGS testing detected 797 organisms from 697 (14.4%) of 4,828 samples, consisting of 363 (45.5%) DNA viruses, 211 (26.4%) RNA viruses, 132 (16.6%) bacteria, 68 (8.5%) fungi and 23 (2.9%) parasites. We also extracted clinical and laboratory metadata from a subset of the samples (n = 1,164) from 1,053 UCSF patients. Among the 220 infectious diagnoses in this subset, 48 (21.8%) were identified by mNGS alone. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of mNGS testing for CNS infections were 63.1%, 99.6% and 92.9%, respectively. mNGS testing exhibited higher sensitivity (63.1%) than indirect serologic testing (28.8%) and direct detection testing from both CSF (45.9%) and non-CSF (15.0%) samples (P < 0.001 for all three comparisons). When only considering diagnoses made by CSF direct detection testing, the sensitivity of mNGS testing increased to 86%. These results justify the routine use of diagnostic mNGS testing for hospitalized patients with suspected CNS infection.
@ 2024 . All rights reserved
@ 2024 . All rights reserved
