This article outlines the significance of cancer organoids in biomedical research, emphasizing their utility in biomarker discovery, drug screening, and personalized treatment. Cancer organoids offer enhanced sensitivity and predictive capabilities compared to traditional models, making them invaluable for preclinical trials and drug development. Furthermore, advancements like organoids-on-a-chip simulate tumor microenvironments and facilitate large-scale drug screening. The text also highlights the integration of cancer organoid genomics and transcriptomics to identify biomarkers and explore drug resistance mechanisms. Overall, cancer organoids accelerate new drug development and precision medicine in cancer research. The accompanying research topic seeks to gather the latest studies on cancer organoids and drug screening, offering insights into their application in cancer clinical trials across various fields, from therapeutic advancements to regenerative medicine and human development.